Dental pain report in children and genetic polymorphism (rs4818) in Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) gene: a cross- sectional study

Abstract Aim: Polymorphisms in the COMT gene can alter enzymatic functions, raising levels of endogenous catecholamines, which stimulates beta-adrenergic receptors related to pain. This study aimed to evaluate whether a polymorphism in the COMT gene (rs4818) is associated with dental pain in children. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 731 pairs of children and parents randomly selected from a population-based sample of eight-year-old children. Reports of dental pain was evaluated using a question directed at the parents and self-reported pain using the Faces Pain Scale - Revised. Dental caries experience was determined using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. For genetic analysis, DNA was obtained from oral mucosa epithelial cells of 352 children randomly selected from the initial sample. Results: Children with the CC genotype had higher odds of reporting moderate to intense pain than those with the GG genotype (OR=3.60; 95% CI=0.80-16.20; p=0.03). These same children had greater odds of parental reports of pain (OR=1.93; 95% CI=0.91-4.08; p=0.02). Moreover, lower schooling of parents/guardians and caries experience in the primary dentition were significantly associated with greater odds of a parental report of dental pain (OR=2.06; 95% CI=1.47-2.91; p<0.001; OR=6.26; 95% CI=4.46-8.78; p<0.001). Conclusions: The rs4818 polymorphism of the COMT gene is associated with dental pain. Children with the C allele are more likely to report higher levels of pain. Clinical Relevance: Even though the experience of pain is subjective and multifactorial, this study raises the hypothesis that there is a genetic predisposition to dental pain that should be considered in clinical practice.

Are Premature Birth and Low Birth Weight Associated with Delay on the Eruption of Deciduous Teeth? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate whether children with premature birth (PB) and/or with low birth weight (LBW) have different tooth eruption patterns than those born at term or with normal weight. Material and Methods: Searches were performed in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Sc1opus, Web of Science, LILACS, and BBO databases as well as the grey literature. Three independent reviewers were involved in study selection, data extraction, and bias assessment. The risk of bias was assessed using the Modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Meta-analysis was conducted to compute the mean difference (MD) in mean chronological or adjusted age at the eruption of the first deciduous tooth between preterm children and those born at full term. The GRADE approach was used. Results: Among a total of 316 articles identified, 21 were eligible for inclusion and three were included in the meta-analysis. PB was associated with the delay in the first tooth deciduous eruption when chronological age was considered (MD: 1.36; 95%CI: 1.02-1.69) but not when considering adjusted age (MD: -0.30; 95%CI: -0.67-0.07). The evidence was graded as having very low quality. Conclusion: Based on a low certainty of evidence the PB is associated with the delayed eruption of the first deciduous tooth when considering chronological age but not when adjusted age is considered.

Parental oral health literacy influences preschool children's utilization of dental services

Abstract: Parental behavior towards their children's oral health is strongly influenced by parent's Oral Health Literacy (OHL) level. This study evaluated the impact of parental OHL on preschool children's utilization of dental services. A cross-sectional study was conducted with parents of 419 children aged 3 to 5 years who answered a self-administered questionnaire about their perception of their children's oral health and whether their children had already been to a dental visit. Parental OHL level was assessed by the validated version of the Oral Health Literacy Adult Questionnaire (OHL-AQ) translated into Brazilian Portuguese. Univariate and multivariate Poisson regression analyses with robust variance were used for the data analysis (α = 0.05). Most children had already been to a dental visit (73%). Overall, 31.7% of the parents or guardians reported that their children had experienced dental pain or dental caries. Parental OHL level was classified by tercile as low, medium, and high. The final model showed independent associations between children who had already been to a dental visit and higher parental OHL level (PR = 1.16; 95%CI = 1.00-1.35) when compared to the lowest OHL level, higher parental educational level (PR = 1.39; 95%CI = 1.03-1.87) when compared to lower educational level, the report of children's pain and dental caries (PR = 1.22; 95%CI = 1.09-1.36) and married parents or parents in a common-law marriage (PR = 1.17; 95%CI = 1.03-1.93). The prevalence of children who had already been to a dental visit was higher among those parents with a higher OHL level when compared to those with a lower OHL level.

Oral manifestations and dental approach in pediatric patient with lamellar congenital ichthyosis: 36-month follow-up

Introduction: Lamellar ichthyosis is an autosomal recessive congenital disease that causes dryness of the skin in the perioral region, which leads to pain during dental hygiene. Thus, the diet of patients with this disease tends to be pasty, which can lead to oral problems. Hyposalivation is suspected to be an oral manifestation of lamellar ichthyosis and may exert an influence on the incidence of carious lesions. Objective: Describe the treatment of a female patient diagnosed with lamellar ichthyosis who sought dental care initially when two years of age with complaints of dental pain, feeding difficulties and low weight. Case report: Atraumatic restorative treatment, extractions and topical application of fluoride varnish were performed in the patient, aesthetic of posterior installation of space, which also functioned as a rehabilitator. Conclusion: This study reinforces the need for the follow-up of the patient with LI by the dental surgeon since the birth of the first tooth, as dryness of the perioral skin and hyposalivation are conditions reported in individuals with lamellar ichthyosis. These conditions can affect oral hygiene and the frequency of carious lesions.

Introdução: A ictiose lamelar é uma doença congênita autossômica recessiva que causa ressecamento da pele na região peribucal, o que leva à dor durante a higiene dental, por isso a alimentação dos pacientes com essa doença tende a ser pastosa, podendo levar a problemas bucais. Suspeita-se que a hipossalivação possa ser uma manifestação oral da ictiose lamelar, podendo influenciar na incidência de lesões cariosas. Objetivo: Descrever o tratamento de uma paciente do sexo feminino, inicialmente com 2 anos de idade, diagnosticada com ictiose lamelar (IL), que procurou atendimento odontológico com queixa de dor dentária, dificuldade na alimentação e baixo peso. Relato do caso: Tratamento restaurador atraumático, exodontias e aplicação tópica de verniz fluoretado foram realizados na paciente, além de posterior instalação de mantenedor de espaço, o qual também funcionou como reabilitador estético. Conclusão: Este estudo reforça a necessidade do acompanhamento do paciente com IL pelo cirurgião dentista desde o nascimento do primeiro dente, pois secura da pele perioral e hipossalivação são condições relatadas em indivíduos com ictiose lamelar. Essas condições podem afetar a higiene bucal e a frequência de lesões cariosas.

Can Hemophilia Impact on the Oral Health Conditions of Children and Adolescents? A Systematic Review and Metanalysis

Abstract Objective: To analyze if the oral health conditions in children and adolescents are associated with hemophilia (PROSPERO-42020168192). Material and Methods: The search strategy was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Lilacs/BBO, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Grey literature databases. Two independent researchers assessed the risk of bias in these studies by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. For the meta-analysis, the clinical conditions data were extracted as numerical variables according to their indexes, such as dental caries experience (dmft/DMFT), gingival condition (Modified Gingival Index - IGM), and oral hygiene (Plaque Index - PI). The quality of the evidence of the meta-analysis was evaluated by the GRADE tool (GRADEproGDT). Results: From a total of 431 studies, 27 were included, and 10 were included in the meta-analysis. The studies presented a moderate risk of bias, ranging from 2 to 7 points. The dental caries experience in primary (-0.62; CI95%: -1.68-0.43) and permanent dentitions (-0.05; CI95%: -0.69-0.59), gingival condition (-0.12; CI95%: -0.27-0.03), and oral hygiene (0.36; CI95%: -0.06-0.77) did not differ between the groups. Conclusion: Based on studies with very weak evidence, there were no differences in the oral health conditions of children and adolescents with and without hemophilia (AU).

Performance of ICDAS e-learning program in teaching graduate students on the detection of occlusal caries / Desempenho do programa de aprendizagem eletrônico ICDAS no ensino de alunos de pós-graduação na detecção de cáries oclusais

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim was evaluate the validity and reproducibility of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) in detecting occlusal caries among graduate students after training using the e-learning program. Methods: A sample of forty-two primary teeth with different ranges of occlusal caries was selected. All teeth were mounted on a wax support and standardized photographs (EOS Rebel XTI, Canon, NY, USA) of the occlusal surfaces were taken. An experienced researcher randomly selected one specific site on the occlusal surface of each tooth to be examined later. Fifteen graduate students with no previous experience in the ICDAS scores completed the ICDAS e-learning program in Portuguese. After the training, visual examination of the occlusal surfaces was taken twice, independently, with a two-week interval. After visual examination, the teeth were longitudinally sectioned 1mm away from the previously selected occlusal site. The teeth were fixed on a wax support and photographed. Histological analysis was performed from these photographs by an experienced researcher to evaluate the depth of demineralization. Results: The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) inter-examiner values among all participants varied from 0.54 to 0.96 and intra-examiner ICC reproducibility of the examiners ranges from 0.61 to 0.85, showing good to excellent reproducibility. For detection of enamel and dentine lesions (D1), ICDAS obtained sensitivity 0.835 and specificity 0.756. For dentine lesions (D3), the method revealed an increase in sensitivity but specificity was similar to D1. Conclusion: ICDAS e-learning training program was efficient for the training of caries lesions detection among graduate students.

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo foi avaliar a validade e a reprodutibilidade do Sistema Internacional de Detecção e Avaliação de Cárie (ICDAS) na detecção de cárie oclusal entre estudantes de pós-graduação após o treinamento usando o programa de e-learning. Métodos: Foi selecionada uma amostra de 42 dentes decíduos com diferentes faixas de cárie oclusal. Todos os dentes foram montados em um suporte de cera e foram tiradas fotografias padronizadas (EOS Rebel XTI, Canon, NY, EUA) das superfícies oclusais. Um pesquisador experiente selecionou aleatoriamente um local específico na superfície oclusal de cada dente para ser examinado posteriormente. Quinze estudantes de pós-graduação sem experiência anterior com o ICDAS concluíram o programa de e-learning em português. Após o treinamento, o exame visual das superfícies oclusais foi realizado duas vezes, independentemente, com intervalo de duas semanas. Após o exame visual, os dentes foram seccionados longitudinalmente a 1mm do local oclusal previamente selecionado. Os dentes foram fixados em um suporte de cera e fotografados. A análise histológica foi realizada a partir dessas fotografias por um pesquisador experiente para avaliar a profundidade da desmineralização. Resultados: Os valores interexaminadores do Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (ICC) entre todos os participantes variaram de 0,54 a 0,96 e a reprodutibilidade intra-examinador do ICC dos examinadores variou de 0,61 a 0,85, mostrando reprodutibilidade boa a excelente. Para detecção de lesões de esmalte e dentina (D1), o ICDAS obteve sensibilidade 0,835 e especificidade 0,756. Para lesões de dentina (D3), o método revelou um aumento na sensibilidade, mas a especificidade foi semelhante ao D1. Conclusão: O programa de treinamento em e-learning do ICDAS foi eficiente no treinamento de detecção de lesões de cárie em estudantes de pós-graduação.

Daily Toothbrushing Frequency and the Association with Parental Report of Dental Pain and Discomfort in Preschool Children

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the impact of daily toothbrushing frequency on parental reports of dental pain and discomfort in preschoolers. Material and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted involving 376 children between four and five years of age at public preschools in the city of Campo Magro, Brazil. Parents/guardians answered a socioeconomic questionnaire that contained a single question on the child's daily toothbrushing frequency and the Brazilian version of the Dental Discomfort Questionnaire (DDQ-B). Statistical analysis involved bivariate and multivariate Poisson regression analyses (α=0.05). Results: After the adjustments in the multivariate analysis, the prevalence of dental pain and discomfort was lower among children whose last visit to the dentist was for prevention (PR = 4.42; 95% CI: 1.75- 11.14; p=0.002) and those with a higher daily toothbrushing frequency (PR = 2.13; 95% CI: 1.12-4.05; p=0.021). Conclusion: A lower toothbrushing frequency is associated with parental reports of dental pain and discomfort in preschoolers. Educational and preventive measures that stimulate an increase in daily toothbrushing frequency can contribute to a better oral health status in preschoolers, consequently, less prevalence of dental pain and discomfort.

Oral manifestations and craniofacial characteristics of hutchinson-gilford progeria syndrome: a case report

Introduction: Hutchinson-Guilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic disease with a characteristic phenotype of premature aging in young children caused by a mutation in the LMNA gene and consequent accumulation of progerinin the cell. Aim: Describe oral manifestations of Hutchinson-Guilford progeria syndrome. Case Report: This is a case report of a six-year-old female patient with Hutchinson-Guilford Progeria syndrome. The physical examination revealed skin atrophy, lipodystrophy, hair rarefaction, prominent blood vessels of the scalp, craniofacial disproportion, perioral cyanosis and enlarged knee joints. The intraoral exam revealed limited mouth opening, mixed dentition with normal tooth anatomy and anteroinferior crowding. The eruption sequence and chronology were abnormal. The treatment plan included professional prophylaxis, the topical application of fluoride as well as both oral hygiene and dietary counselling. Monitoring the development of dentition and an early and timely dental intervention contributed to the maintenance of child's oral health. Conclusion: Early clinical and educational interventions can help patients with HGPS maintain adequate oral health status and improve their quality of life.

Introdução: A Progéria ou Síndrome de Hutchinson-Guilford (HGPS) é uma doença genética rara com um fenótipo característico de envelhecimento precoce em crianças pequenas, causado por uma mutação no gene LMNA e conseqüente acúmulo de progerina na célula. Objetivo: Descrever as manifestações orais da Síndrome de Hutchinson-Guilford. Relato do Caso: Este é um relato de caso de uma paciente de seis anos com Síndrome de Hutchinson-Guilford. O exame físico revelou atrofia da pele, lipodistrofia, rarefação dos cabelos, vasos sangüíneos proeminentes no couro cabeludo, desproporção craniofacial, cianose perioral e aumento das articulações dos joelhos. O exame intraoral revelou abertura bucal limitada, dentição mista com anatomia dentária normal e apinhamento ântero-inferior. A sequência e a cronologia de erupção estavam alteradas. O plano de tratamento incluiu profilaxia profissional, aplicação tópica de flúor, bem como orientação de higiene bucal e aconselhamento dietético. O acompanhamento do desenvolvimento da dentição e a intervenção odontológica precoce e oportuna colaboraram com a manutenção da saúde bucal da criança. Conclusão: Intervenções clínicas e educacionais precoces podem ajudar os pacientes com HGPS a manter um estado de saúde bucal adequado e melhorar sua qualidade de vida.

A Survival Analysis of Different Pulp Therapies in Decayed Primary Teeth

Abstract Objective: To identify the clinical and radiographic conditions associated with failure of pulp therapy in primary teeth through a survival analysis. Material and Methods: A total of 1000 records of children assisted at the pediatric dentistry clinic of the Federal University of Parana, Brazil, from the years 2000 to 2010, were analyzed. The mean evaluation time was 10.61 months (minimum/maximum: 1/28) from the report of pulp therapy. The different types of treatments analyzed included indirect pulp treatment (IPT), direct pulp treatment (DPT), pulpotomy and pulpectomy. The Kaplan-Meyer method and log-rank test were used for the survival analysis. Exodontia was considered as the outcome variable and censors included: traumatic tooth loss, presence of the tooth in the oral cavity and physiologic tooth exfoliation. Results: A total of 122 records reporting pulp therapy in the primary teeth were selected. From this, 16 teeth (13.12%) were extracted. Survival analysis showed that pulpectomy presented lower survival rates when compared to conservative therapies (p=0.0297). Teeth with furcal lesions and pathological root resorption before pulp therapy had lower survival rates when compared to those that did not present these conditions (P=0.006). Presence of fistula and abscess after pulp therapy were also associated with lower survival rates (P=0.0062 and 0.0143, respectively). Conclusion: Signals of pulp necrosis were associated to lower survival rates in primary teeth submitted to pulp therapy.

Caregiver's oral health literacy is associated with prevalence of untreated dental caries in preschool children / Alfabetismo em saúde bucal dos cuidadores é associado com a prevalência de cárie não tratada em pré-escolares

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between oral health literacy (OHL) among caregivers and untreated dental caries among preschoolers. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 415 preschool children and their caregivers from Curitiba, Brazil. The children were examined for dental caries and dental plaque. The caregivers' OHL was evaluated using an instrument translated and validated for Brazilian Portuguese: the Brazilian Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry-30. The prevalence of children with untreated caries was 42.9% (95%CI: 38.1-47.7%). A low degree of OHL was found among 15.7% (95%CI: 12.2-19.2) of caregivers. The multivariable Poisson regression analysis indicated a higher prevalence of untreated caries among children whose caregivers had a low OHL (PR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.01-1.79), those with visible plaque (PR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.01-1.62) and those who never or only occasionally had their teeth brushed by their caregivers (PR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.16-1.91) in comparison to those without these conditions. In conclusion, a higher prevalence of untreated dental caries was found among preschool children whose caregivers had a low degree of OHL.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação entre a alfabetização em saúde bucal (ASB) entre os cuidadores e a cárie dentária não tratada entre pré-escolares. Um estudo transversal foi realizado envolvendo 415 crianças pré-escolares e seus cuidadores de Curitiba-Brasil. As crianças foram examinadas para cárie dentária e placa dental. O ASB dos cuidadores foi avaliado usando um instrumento traduzido e validado para o idioma português do Brasil, o Brazilian Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry-30. A prevalência de crianças com cárie não tratada foi de 42,9% (IC 95%: 38,1-47,7%). Um baixo grau de ASB foi encontrado entre 15,7% (IC 95%: 12,2-19,2) de cuidadores. A análise de regressão de Poisson multivariada indicou uma maior prevalência de cárie não tratada entre crianças cujos cuidadores apresentaram baixo ASB (PR = 1,35; IC 95%: 1,01-1,79), aqueles com placa visível (PR = 1,28; IC 95%: 1,01-1,62) e aqueles que nunca ou apenas ocasionalmente tiveram seus dentes escovados por seus cuidadores (PR = 1,48; IC 95%: 1,16-1,91) em comparação com aqueles sem essas condições. Pode-se concluir que uma maior prevalência de cárie dentária não tratada foi encontrada entre os pré-escolares cujos cuidadores tinham um baixo grau de ASB.

No-shows at public secondary dental care for pediatric patients: a cross-sectional study in a large Brazilian city / Não comparecimento na atenção secundária pública em saúde bucal de pacientes pediátricos: estudo transversal em uma grande cidade brasileira

Abstract Missed appointments have a great economic, social and administrative impact on the management of public health services. This research aimed to study factors associated with non-attendance to the first appointments of pediatric patients in secondary dental care services in the city of Curitiba, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was performed using secondary data from the electronic health records of the Curitiba Municipal Secretary of Health. The study included all children (0-12 years) referred to secondary dental clinics in the years 2010 to 2013. Data were analyzed by the chi-square test and Pearson linear trend chi-square (α = 0.05). Binary logistic regression models were built. Data from 1,663 children were assessed and the prevalence of non-attendance was 28.3%. The variables associated with the non-attendance in inferential analysis (p < 0.05) and in the final model were the household income per capita (95% CI: 1.93-2.82) and the waiting time in virtual queue (95% CI: 1.000-1.002). Socioeconomic aspects and the waiting time in virtual queue, should be considered in the strategic planning of health services as they may influence the attendance of pediatric patients in secondary dental referral service.

Resumo O não comparecimento a consultas tem um grande impacto no gerenciamento dos serviços de saúde pública. O objetivo foi avaliar os fatores associados ao não comparecimento às primeiras consultas de pacientes pediátricos nos serviços de atenção secundária em saúde bucal na cidade de Curitiba, Brasil. Um estudo transversal foi desenvolvido com dados secundários obtidos de cadastros eletrônicos da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Curitiba. Participaram crianças de 0 a 12 anos de idade encaminhadas para atenção secundária nos anos de 2010 a 2013. Os dados foram analisados pelos testes de qui-quadrado de Pearson e qui-quadrado de tendência linear (α = 0,05). Foram constituídos modelos de regressão logística binária. Foram analisados os dados de 1.663 crianças. A prevalência de não comparecimento às primeiras consultas foi de 28,3%. As variáveis que estiveram associadas ao não comparecimento na análise inferencial (p < 0,05) e no modelo final foram a renda per capita familiar (95% CI: 1,93-2,82) e o tempo de espera em fila virtual (95% CI: 1,000-1,002). Aspectos econômicos e o tempo de espera em fila virtual devem ser considerados no planejamento estratégico dos serviços públicos de saúde bucal, pois podem influenciar o comparecimento de pacientes na atenção secundária.

Dental care utilization among children in Brazil: an exploratory study based on data from national household surveys / Utilização de serviços odontológicos entre crianças no Brasil: estudo exploratório a partir das pesquisas nacionais por amostra de domicílios

Abstract Wide availability of access to dental services can be considered a predictor of better oral health outcomes in a population. This article aims to compare data from the Brazilian National Household Sample Surveys (PNAD) on dental services utilization among children aged 4 to 12 years. This cross-sectional study was carried out using data from the 1998, 2003, and 2008 National Household Sample Surveys, involving a total of 61.438, 64.659 and 59.561 children, respectively. Ninety-nine percent confidence intervals were considered for the prevalence of each outcome of interest. In 1998, 60.8% (99%CI: 59.4;62.1) of children had been to a dentist; this prevalence was 65.5% (99%CI: 64.4;66.7) in 2003 and 73.8% (99%CI: 72.1;74.2) in 2008. In 1998, 41.2% (99%CI: 39.1;43.3) of children in the lowest household income quartile had been to a dentist; this value was 61.4% (99%CI: 59.5;63.2) in 2008. Among children from families whose head of household had 4 years of formal education or fewer, 49.5% and 63% had been to a dentist in 1998 and 2008, respectively. The lifetime prevalence of dentist attendance among Brazilian children increased between 1998 and 2008, especially among those from low-income families and those whose head of household had a low educational level.

Resumo A ampla disponibilidade de acesso aos serviços odontológicos pode ser considerada um fator preditor de melhores resultados na saúde bucal da população. O objetivo deste artigo é comparar os dados obtidos das Pesquisas Nacionais por Amostras de Domicílios (PNADs), em relação a utilização de serviços odontológicos, entre crianças de 4 a 12 anos. Estudo transversal, com dados obtidos a partir das PNADs realizadas em 1998, 2003 e 2008, envolvendo um total de 61.438, 64.659 e 59.561crianças, respectivamente. Considerou-se intervalos de confiança de 99% para os desfechos. No ano de 1998, 60,8% (IC99%: 59,4;62,1) das crianças haviam ido ao dentista, em 2003, 65,5% (IC99%: 64,4;66,7), e em 2008, 73,8% (IC99%: 72,1;74,2). Com relação à renda domiciliar, em 1998, 41,2% (IC99%: 39,1;43,3) das crianças inseridas nas famílias na menor faixa de renda foram ao cirurgião-dentista, em 2003 49,9% (IC99%: 48;51,9) o fizeram e, em 2008, 61,4% (IC99%: 59,5;63,2). Entre as que pertenciam a famílias onde o chefe possuía até 4 anos de estudo, 49,5% e 63%, em 1998 e 2008, foram às consultas odontológicas. A prevalência de crianças brasileiras que já haviam ido ao dentista aumentou entre 1998 e 2008, especialmente entre aquelas pertencentes a famílias com renda domiciliar menor e com chefes possuindo menor escolaridade.

Demarcated opacity in primary teeth increases the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization

Abstract This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and its relationship with the number of primary teeth with developmental defects of enamel (DDE). A representative population-based sample of 731 schoolchildren was randomly selected from the public school system in Curitiba, Brazil. Schoolchildren aged 8 years with fully erupted permanent first molars and incisors were eligible for the study. MIH and DDE were classified by four calibrated examiners (kappa > 0.75) according to EAPD criteria and to the FDI-modified DDE index. Clinical data were collected in a school environment. Socioeconomic information was collected through a self-administered semistructured questionnaire applied to the children's caregivers. Statistical analyses were carried out using Poisson multiple regression with robust variance (α = 0.05). MIH prevalence was 12.1% (95%CI: 10-15), and opacities were the most prevalent defect. Socioeconomic factors were not associated with MIH. Children with demarcated opacity in primary teeth presented a higher prevalence of MIH than those without DDE in primary teeth. In the multiple analysis, the increase of one primary tooth affected by demarcated opacity increased the prevalence of MIH by 33% (PR = 1.33, 95%CI: 1.15-1.53, p < 0.001). Asian children had a higher prevalence of MIH (PR = 2.91, 95%CI: 1.08-8.09 p = 0.035) than did Caucasian children.Conclusion: Based on these findings, the prevalence of MIH in Curitiba was 12.1%. Demarcated opacity in primary teeth could be considered a predictor of MIH.

Abordagem de pacientes com ansiedade ao tratamento odontológico no ambiente clínico / Management of patients with dental anxiety at clinical environment

Objetivos: Discutir a ansiedade frente ao tratamento odontológico e apresentar as principais escalas disponíveis para a sua mensuração nas crianças e nos adultos. Materiais e métodos: para esta revisão de literatura os artigos foram selecionados na base de dados online PubMed, dentre os publicados entre 1979 até julho de 2015, e que estavam de acordo com os critérios STROBE e CONSORT. Resultados: Foram selecionados 30 artigos e a revisão destes mostrou que a escolha das escalas depende da idade do paciente, de sua capacidade cognitiva, bem como do tempo disponível para a aplicação dos instrumentos. A ansiedade odontológica e a condição em saúde bucal dos pais e dos filhos estão diretamente relacionadas. Conclusão: o Cirurgião-Dentista deve estar atento para diagnosticar e quantificar a ansiedade adequadamente, visando o estabelecimento de estratégias de abordagem comportamental e clínica individualizadas, tornando a consulta odontológica mais eficaz e menos estressante, tanto para o profissional quanto para os seus pacientes.

Objectives: to present the main dental anxiety scales available for children and adults, explainits association between parents and siblings. Methodology: the articles were selected in PubMed, from 1979 until July 2015, chosen studies were according to STROBE and CONSORT. Results: Thirty articles were selected, after their review it was found that the choice of scales depends on patients’ age, cognitive ability, and available time to implement the instruments. Parents’ dental anxiety and oral health conditions interfere directly with those in children. Conclusion: Is mandatory for professionals to diagnose and quantify oral health literacy levels and anxiety, in order to establish clinical and behavioral approach strategies, making a most effective and less stressful dental appointment, for both, the professional and patients.

Training and calibration of interviewers for oral health literacy using the BREALD-30 in epidemiological studies

Abstract The objective of this study was to describe an interviewer training and calibration method to evaluate oral health literacy using the Brazilian Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (BREALD-30) in epidemiological studies. An experienced researcher (gold standard) conducted all training sessions. The interviewer training and calibration sessions included three different phases: theoretical training, practical training, and calibration. In the calibration phase, six interviewers (dentists) independently assessed 15 videos of individuals who had different levels of oral health literacy. Accuracy and reproducibility were evaluated using the kappa coefficient and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The percentage of agreement for each word in the instrument was also calculated. After training, the kappa values were higher than 0.911 and 0.893 for intra- and inter-rater agreement, respectively. When the results were analyzed separately for the different levels of literacy, the lowest agreement rate was found when evaluating the videos of individuals with low literacy (K = 0.871), but still within the range considered to be near-perfect agreement. The ICC values were higher than 0.990 and 0.975 for intra- and inter-rater agreement, respectively. The lowest percentage of agreement was 86.6% for the word "hipoplasia" (hypoplasia). This interviewer training and calibration method proved to be feasible and effective. Therefore, it can be used as a methodological tool in studies assessing oral health literacy using the BREALD-30.

Prevalência e características da fratura coronária em incisivos permanentes superiores de escolares em uma cidade do sul do brasil / Prevalence and characteristics of crown fractures in permanent upper incisors from schoolchildren in a southern Brazilian city

The main goal of this study is to assess the prevalence of crown fractures in permanent upper incisors of schoolchildren using a photographic method. 227 children were photographed. Of the 889 teeth examined, 8,4 per cent of them presented some coronal fracture. Coronal fractures due to dental trauma were most pevalent in permanent upper incisors and more frequent in boys than in girls. Most of the fractures affected only the enamel and did not need restorative procedure.

Análise in vitro da toxicidade de substâncias utilizadas em pulpotomias de dentes decíduos: estudo em linhagem de fibroblastos Balb-c 3T3 / Toxicity of primary teeth pulpotomy agents: in vitro study on immortalized fibroblast cell line Balb-c 3T3

O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer, através da definição da dose TD50 (concentração que causa a morte de 50% das células) uma escala de toxicidade dentre diversas substâncias comumente utilizadas em pulpotomias de dentes decíduos. Foram utilizadas como substâncias-teste o formocresol concentrado (FC), formocresol diluído a 1:5 (FCD), solução de sulfato férrico a 15,5% (SF), hidróxido de cálcio P.A. (HC) e o agregado trióxido mineral (MTA). Fibroblastos Balb-c 3T3 foram semeados em placas de cultura de 24 poços na concentração de 3x '10 POT. 4' células por poço. Diluições variadas dos extratos das substâncias-teste, obtidos de acordo com normas da ISO 10993-12, foram colocadas em contato com as células por 24 horas para a determinação da TD50, dose tóxica para 50% das células quando comparadas com grupo controle negativo (células não expostas aos extratos). Os ensaios colorimétricos de redução do MTT e captação do corante Vermelho Neutro foram realizados na TD50 das substâncias-teste. O tratamento estatístico dos resultados foi feito através dos testes de Análise de Variância (ANOVA), Dunnet e Bartlett, com p < 0,05. Baseado na definição da TD50, pode ser estabelecida a escala de citotoxicidade em ordem decrescente, a saber: FC > FCD > SF > HC > MTA. Os ensaios para a determinação da capacidade de redução do MTT e incorporação de VN demonstraram que a citotoxicidade dos materiais afeta, primordialmente, a função mitocondrial em detrimento do efeito mais discreto na integridade da membrana. Concluímos que a determinação da dose TD50 utilizando a metodologia proposta pela ISO 10993-12 permite o estabelecimento de uma escala de potência adequada para a ordenação de compostos terapêuticos em função de sua toxicidade. Esta padronização poderá facilitar a comparação entre diversos materiais auxiliando na investigação de novas drogas. Ainda, é possível concluir que os materiais testados e utilizados para a pulpotomia de dentes decíduos têm sua toxicidade mediada principalmente por alterações da função mitocondrial das células

Perfil de crianças com dentes decíduos perdidos precocemente / Profile of children with early loss of the primary teeth

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo principal traçar o perfil de crianças que apresentaram necessidade de exodontias precoces de dentes decíduos durante atendimento na clínica odontopediátrica da Universidade Federal do Paraná. Foram coletados dados de 155 pacientes, sendo 95 meninos e 60 meninas, num período de 18 meses. Os resultados mostraram que: a idade em que há maior prevalência de perdas precoces é a de sete anos (29,1 por cento dos casos); estas perdas ocorrem com mais freqüência na mandíbula (57,4 por cento dos casos); os dentes mais afetados são os primeiros molares decíduos (45,8 por cento dos casos) e a principal causa é a cárie dentária (89 por cento)

A utilização da técnica da mão-sobre-a-boca (MSB) em odontopediatria: revisão de literatura / The utilization of the hand-over-mouth (HOM) technique in pediatric dentistry: a review of the literature

Esta revisão de literatura tem por objetivo principal trazer à tona aspectos clínicos, éticos e legais relacionados à utilização da técnica de mão-sobre-a-boca(MSB) em Odontopediatria. As principais indicações e contra-indicações, a percepção que os profissionais, pais e/ou responsáveis pelas crianças têm desta manobra e as implicações éticas e legais deste procedimento também são discutidos

Análise in vitro de dois procedimentos para odontometria de molares decíduos / In vitro analysis of two working length measurement procedures for primary molars

Esta pesquisa realizou análise in vitro da fidelidade das medidas do comprimento de trabalho de instrumentação obtidas através de dois procedimentos distintos. Foram avaliados os métodos do recuo apical e o preconizado por Ingle. Para esta finalidade, os métodos citados foram aplicados em 38 canais radiculares de 16 molares decíduos humanos extraídos, em processo de rizólise com, no mínimo, dois terços de raiz ainda presentes, montados em modelos de gesso. A análise foi realizada comparando-se as medidas oferecidas pelos métodos com o comprimento real dos canais radiculares. Após a avaliação das medidas de comprimento de trabalho de instrumentação oferecidas pelos métodos já citados, foi realizado o tratamento estatístico dos resultados pela Análise de Variância (Teste F), ao nível de significância de p < 0,0001. Foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os procedimentos avaliados, possibilitando-nos concluir que as medidas oferecidas pelo Método de Ingle são mais exatas que as proporcionadas pelo Método do Recuo Apical